Association of 3 different antihypertensive medications with hip and pelvic fracture risk in older adults secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

Rachel Puttnam, Barry R. Davis, Sara L. Pressel, Paul K. Whelton, William C. Cushman, Gail T. Louis, Karen L. Margolis, Suzanne Oparil, Jeffrey Williamson, Alokananda Ghosh, Paula T. Einhorn, Joshua I. Barzilay, Curt D. Furberg, Jackson T. Wright, Jeffrey A. Cutler, Michael Alderman, Henry Black, Richard Grimm, L. Julian Haywood, Frans LeenenJeffrey Probstfield, Chuke Nwachuku, David Gordon, Michael Proschan, Charles E. Ford, Linda B. Piller, Kay Dunn, David Goff, Judy Bettencourt, Barbara DeLeon, Lara M. Simpson, Joe Blanton, Therese Geraci, Sandra M. Walsh, Christine Nelson, Mahboob Rahman, Anne Juratovac, Robert Pospisil, Lillian Carroll, Sheila Sullivan, Jeanne Russo, Gail Barone, Rudy Christian, Sharon Feldman, Tracy Lucente, David Calhoun, Kim Jenkins, Peggy McDowell, J. Eckfeldt, F. Lopez, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) Collaborative Research Group

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59 Scopus citations

Abstract

IMPORTANCE On the basis of observational studies, the use of thiazide diuretics for the treatment of hypertension is associated with reduced fracture risk compared with nonuse. Data from randomized clinical trials are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the use of thiazide diuretics for the treatment of hypertension is associated with reduced fracture risk compared with nonuse. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using Veterans Affairs and Medicare claims data, this study examined hip and pelvic fracture hospitalizations in Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial participants randomized to first-step therapy with a thiazide-type diuretic (chlorthalidone), a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine besylate), or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril). Recruitment was from February 1994 to January 1998; in-trial follow-up ended in March 2002. The mean follow-up was 4.9 years. Posttrial follow-up was conducted through the end of 2006, using passive surveillance via national databases. For this secondary analysis, which used an intention-to-treat approach, data were analyzed from February 1, 1994, through December 31, 2006. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hip and pelvic fracture hospitalizations. RESULTS A total of 22 180 participants (mean [SD] age, 70.4 [6.7] years; 43.0%female; and 49.9%white non-Hispanic, 31.2%African American, and 19.1%other ethnic groups) were followed for up to 8 years (mean [SD], 4.9 [1.5] years) during masked therapy. After trial completion, 16 622 participants for whom claims data were available were followed for up to 5 additional years (mean [SD] total follow-up, 7.8 [3.1] years). During the trial, 338 fractures occurred. Participants randomized to receive chlorthalidone vs amlodipine or lisinopril had a lower risk of fracture on adjusted analyses (hazards ratio [HR], 0.79; 95%CI, 0.63-0.98; P = .04). Risk of fracture was significantly lower in participants randomized to receive chlorthalidone vs lisinopril (HR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.58-0.98; P = .04) but not significantly different compared with those randomized to receive amlodipine (HR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.63-1.08; P = .17). During the entire trial and posttrial period of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of fractures was nonsignificantly lower in participants randomized to receive chlorthalidone vs lisinopril or amlodipine (HR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.74-1.03; P = .10) and vs each medication separately. In sensitivity analyses, when 1 year after randomization was used as the baseline (to allow for the effects of medications on bone to take effect), similar results were obtained for in-trial and in-trial plus posttrial follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings from a large randomized clinical trial provide evidence of a beneficial effect of thiazide-type diuretic therapy in reducing hip and pelvic fracture risk compared with treatment with other antihypertensive medications.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)67-76
Number of pages10
JournalJAMA internal medicine
Volume177
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2017

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