Abstract
Objective: To test whether depressive symptoms are related to subsequent C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and/or whether CRP levels are related to subsequent depressive symptoms in mid-life women. Methods: Women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were followed for 7 years and had measures of CES-Depression scores and CRP seven times during the follow-up period. Women were pre- or early peri-menopausal at study entry and were of Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Japanese, or Chinese race/ethnicity. Analyses were restricted to initially healthy women. Results: Longitudinal mixed linear regression models adjusting for age, race, site, time between exams, and outcome variable at year X showed that higher CES-D scores predicted higher subsequent CRP levels and vice versa over a 7-year period. Full multivariate models adjusting for body mass index, physical activity, medications, health conditions, and other covariates showed that higher CRP levels at year X predicted higher CES-D scores at year X + 1, p = 0.03. Higher depressive symptoms predicted higher subsequent CRP levels at marginally significant levels, p = 0.10. Conclusions: Higher CRP levels led to higher subsequent depressive symptoms, albeit the effect was small. The study demonstrates the importance of considering bi-directional relationships for depression and other psychosocial factors and risk for heart disease.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 96-101 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Brain, Behavior, and Immunity |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2010 |
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Keywords
- C-reactive protein
- Depression
- Inflammation
- Longitudinal
- Menopause
- Women
Cite this
Are there bi-directional associations between depressive symptoms and C-reactive protein in mid-life women? / Matthews, Karen A.; Schott, Laura L.; Bromberger, Joyce T.; Cyranowski, Jill M.; Everson-Rose, Susan; Sowers, Mary Fran.
In: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Vol. 24, No. 1, 01.01.2010, p. 96-101.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Are there bi-directional associations between depressive symptoms and C-reactive protein in mid-life women?
AU - Matthews, Karen A.
AU - Schott, Laura L.
AU - Bromberger, Joyce T.
AU - Cyranowski, Jill M.
AU - Everson-Rose, Susan
AU - Sowers, Mary Fran
PY - 2010/1/1
Y1 - 2010/1/1
N2 - Objective: To test whether depressive symptoms are related to subsequent C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and/or whether CRP levels are related to subsequent depressive symptoms in mid-life women. Methods: Women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were followed for 7 years and had measures of CES-Depression scores and CRP seven times during the follow-up period. Women were pre- or early peri-menopausal at study entry and were of Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Japanese, or Chinese race/ethnicity. Analyses were restricted to initially healthy women. Results: Longitudinal mixed linear regression models adjusting for age, race, site, time between exams, and outcome variable at year X showed that higher CES-D scores predicted higher subsequent CRP levels and vice versa over a 7-year period. Full multivariate models adjusting for body mass index, physical activity, medications, health conditions, and other covariates showed that higher CRP levels at year X predicted higher CES-D scores at year X + 1, p = 0.03. Higher depressive symptoms predicted higher subsequent CRP levels at marginally significant levels, p = 0.10. Conclusions: Higher CRP levels led to higher subsequent depressive symptoms, albeit the effect was small. The study demonstrates the importance of considering bi-directional relationships for depression and other psychosocial factors and risk for heart disease.
AB - Objective: To test whether depressive symptoms are related to subsequent C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and/or whether CRP levels are related to subsequent depressive symptoms in mid-life women. Methods: Women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were followed for 7 years and had measures of CES-Depression scores and CRP seven times during the follow-up period. Women were pre- or early peri-menopausal at study entry and were of Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Japanese, or Chinese race/ethnicity. Analyses were restricted to initially healthy women. Results: Longitudinal mixed linear regression models adjusting for age, race, site, time between exams, and outcome variable at year X showed that higher CES-D scores predicted higher subsequent CRP levels and vice versa over a 7-year period. Full multivariate models adjusting for body mass index, physical activity, medications, health conditions, and other covariates showed that higher CRP levels at year X predicted higher CES-D scores at year X + 1, p = 0.03. Higher depressive symptoms predicted higher subsequent CRP levels at marginally significant levels, p = 0.10. Conclusions: Higher CRP levels led to higher subsequent depressive symptoms, albeit the effect was small. The study demonstrates the importance of considering bi-directional relationships for depression and other psychosocial factors and risk for heart disease.
KW - C-reactive protein
KW - Depression
KW - Inflammation
KW - Longitudinal
KW - Menopause
KW - Women
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=71749120129&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=71749120129&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.005
DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 19683568
AN - SCOPUS:71749120129
VL - 24
SP - 96
EP - 101
JO - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
JF - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
SN - 0889-1591
IS - 1
ER -