@inproceedings{77320cdfe0c1448db246934961d91bea,
title = "Applications of enzymatic saccharification residues as a fully biobased adhesive",
abstract = "Saccharification of woody biomass often leaves behind solid residues that are rich in lignin. Lignin is a natural phenolic binder for cell walls in woody plants, and therefore the objective of this study was to produce environmentally benign adhesive from such residues. The residues were ground to nano-scale fragments, and then applied to wood with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as a crosslinker. Lap shear results show that the bond strength of nanofiber-containing adhesive was higher if nanofiber was fibrillated from samples pre-saccharified to a higher level (80%) or using a smaller grinding clearance (smaller nanofiber). Addition of HMTA further improved the bond strength to 80% of the value of commercial phenolformaldehyde adhesive. Infra-red spectroscopy verified corsslinking in nanofiber treated with HMTA. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed 73% degree of curing. Overall results show that a fully biobased adhesive can be prepared from wood saccharification residues without purifying for lignin.",
keywords = "Adhesion, Green adhesives, Lignin, Nanofiber, Saccharification residues",
author = "I. Hafez and H. Yang and Tze, {W. T.Y.}",
year = "2014",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9781482258301",
series = "Technical Proceedings of the 2014 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2014",
publisher = "Nano Science and Technology Institute",
pages = "218--221",
booktitle = "Technical Proceedings of the 2014 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2014",
note = "Nanotechnology 2014: Electronics, Manufacturing, Environment, Energy and Water - 2014 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2014 ; Conference date: 15-06-2014 Through 18-06-2014",
}