Anatomy and biomechanics of the patellar ligaments

A traditional approach to treating clinical problems of the patellofemoral joint, in particular lateral patellar instability, focused on attempts to realign the quadriceps muscles to affect a greater medial force (VMO advancement), and releasing or lengthening lateral-sided forces in an attempt to negate lateral forces (lateral retinacular release). A more modern approach recognizes the key role that passive stabilizers play in constraining the patella in normal activities. This article will review the anatomy of the patellar retinacular ligaments in an attempt to understand their role in the pathophysiology of injuries to the patellofemoral joint.