An overview of transcription regulatory elements in plant

In eukaryotes, transcription regulation is a very complex process and crucial for the proper development and functioning of an organism. Various regulatory elements are involved in this complex regulation. Now there has been a recent surge in the identification of new regulatory element to understand the novel mechanism of transcription regulation. In this review, we summarized different types of transcription regulatory element along with their role in gene regulation. These include the promoter, enhancer, silencer, insulator and trans-acting elements. These regulatory elements contain numerous signatures sequences which are associated with their function and may be useful in their identification. Some of these regulatory elements present far apart from the target genes are known as distal regulatory elements. Now it has become clear that the different types of regulatory elements are not just required for the basal transcription but also involved in the temporal and spatial expression of the target gene.