An Introduction to Normalization and Calibration Methods in Functional MRI

Thomas T. Liu; Gary H. Glover; Bryon A. Mueller; Douglas N. Greve; Gregory G. Brown

doi:10.1007/s11336-012-9309-x

An Introduction to Normalization and Calibration Methods in Functional MRI

Thomas T. Liu, Gary H. Glover, Bryon A. Mueller, Douglas N. Greve, Gregory G. Brown

Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal is often interpreted as a measure of neural activity. However, because the BOLD signal reflects the complex interplay of neural, vascular, and metabolic processes, such an interpretation is not always valid. There is growing evidence that changes in the baseline neurovascular state can result in significant modulations of the BOLD signal that are independent of changes in neural activity. This paper introduces some of the normalization and calibration methods that have been proposed for making the BOLD signal a more accurate reflection of underlying brain activity for human fMRI studies.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	308-321
Number of pages	14
Journal	Psychometrika
Volume	78
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-012-9309-x
State	Published - Apr 2013

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We acknowledge funding support by the NIH National Center for Research Resources for the FBIRN consortium (Grant U24-RR021992) as well as individual grants to coinvestigators: P41-RR009784 (GHG), R01NS051661, and R01MH084796 (TTL).

Keywords

arterial spin labeling
calibrated fMRI
cerebral blood flow
functional MRI
hypercapnia
quantitative fMRI

Publisher link

10.1007/s11336-012-9309-x

Find It

Find It at U of M Libraries

Cite this

@article{63ffb1f4830a42228601c0cc06f9a442,

title = "An Introduction to Normalization and Calibration Methods in Functional MRI",

abstract = "In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal is often interpreted as a measure of neural activity. However, because the BOLD signal reflects the complex interplay of neural, vascular, and metabolic processes, such an interpretation is not always valid. There is growing evidence that changes in the baseline neurovascular state can result in significant modulations of the BOLD signal that are independent of changes in neural activity. This paper introduces some of the normalization and calibration methods that have been proposed for making the BOLD signal a more accurate reflection of underlying brain activity for human fMRI studies.",

keywords = "arterial spin labeling, calibrated fMRI, cerebral blood flow, functional MRI, hypercapnia, quantitative fMRI",

author = "Liu, {Thomas T.} and Glover, {Gary H.} and Mueller, {Bryon A.} and Greve, {Douglas N.} and Brown, {Gregory G.}",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge funding support by the NIH National Center for Research Resources for the FBIRN consortium (Grant U24-RR021992) as well as individual grants to coinvestigators: P41-RR009784 (GHG), R01NS051661, and R01MH084796 (TTL).",

year = "2013",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1007/s11336-012-9309-x",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "78",

pages = "308--321",

journal = "Psychometrika",

issn = "0033-3123",

publisher = "Springer New York",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - An Introduction to Normalization and Calibration Methods in Functional MRI

AU - Liu, Thomas T.

AU - Glover, Gary H.

AU - Mueller, Bryon A.

AU - Greve, Douglas N.

AU - Brown, Gregory G.

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge funding support by the NIH National Center for Research Resources for the FBIRN consortium (Grant U24-RR021992) as well as individual grants to coinvestigators: P41-RR009784 (GHG), R01NS051661, and R01MH084796 (TTL).

PY - 2013/4

Y1 - 2013/4

N2 - In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal is often interpreted as a measure of neural activity. However, because the BOLD signal reflects the complex interplay of neural, vascular, and metabolic processes, such an interpretation is not always valid. There is growing evidence that changes in the baseline neurovascular state can result in significant modulations of the BOLD signal that are independent of changes in neural activity. This paper introduces some of the normalization and calibration methods that have been proposed for making the BOLD signal a more accurate reflection of underlying brain activity for human fMRI studies.

AB - In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal is often interpreted as a measure of neural activity. However, because the BOLD signal reflects the complex interplay of neural, vascular, and metabolic processes, such an interpretation is not always valid. There is growing evidence that changes in the baseline neurovascular state can result in significant modulations of the BOLD signal that are independent of changes in neural activity. This paper introduces some of the normalization and calibration methods that have been proposed for making the BOLD signal a more accurate reflection of underlying brain activity for human fMRI studies.

KW - arterial spin labeling

KW - calibrated fMRI

KW - cerebral blood flow

KW - functional MRI

KW - hypercapnia

KW - quantitative fMRI

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84875373905&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84875373905&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11336-012-9309-x

DO - 10.1007/s11336-012-9309-x

M3 - Article

C2 - 25107618

AN - SCOPUS:84875373905

SN - 0033-3123

VL - 78

SP - 308

EP - 321

JO - Psychometrika

JF - Psychometrika

IS - 2

ER -

An Introduction to Normalization and Calibration Methods in Functional MRI

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Publisher link

Find It

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this