An introduction to neotropical primates

The Neotropics contains the greatest abundance and diversity of primate species of any bio-region in the world. They make up an impressive and varied assemblage of species, from the small pigmy marmoset weighing one hundred grams, to the woolly spider monkeys (muriquis) tipping the scale at 10-14 kg. Some species in the group, such as the bearded capuchin, show signs of high intelligence evidenced by their use of primitive tools to open nuts and fruit, and many of these species are flagships whose very presence is crucial for the dispersal of seeds and maintenance of primary forests. Unfortunately, a large percentage of Neotropical primate species is threatened or endangered due to various anthropogenic activities including deforestation, illegal hunting and wildlife trade, mining, and road construction. Moreover, there is a general paucity of data pertaining to this group because their habitats can be difficult to access and the sheer expansiveness of the Neotropical area. Here, we present new research findings from thirty-eight of the world's leading Neotropical primate scientists in order to bridge this informational gap. Specifically we provide up to date biological, molecular, conservation, and phylogenic information on many of these poorly understood, yet amazing creatures. It is our intention that this new information will be used as a resource by the novice and professional alike in order to improve society's understanding of Neotropical primates and to help protect them long into the future.