An automated method to determine the transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced contralateral silent period

Zafiris J. Daskalakis; Gregory F. Molnar; Bruce K. Christensen; Alexandra Sailer; Paul B. Fitzgerald; Robert Chen

doi:10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00038-5

An automated method to determine the transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced contralateral silent period

Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Gregory F. Molnar, Bruce K. Christensen, Alexandra Sailer, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Robert Chen

Neurology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

69 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced contralateral silent period (CSP) refers to a period of interruption of voluntary muscle activity measured in tonically active muscles. The length of the CSP is generally interpreted to reflect cortical inhibition. The determination of the return of voluntary motor activity is typically accomplished via visual inspection of the electromyography (EMG) waveform and may be subject to inaccuracy on the part of the rater. Objective: To present and evaluate an automated method (AM) to determine the CSP. Methods: The CSP of 11 healthy controls was recorded using stimulus intensities 20 and 50% above the resting motor threshold (RMT). The mean CSP duration obtained by the two raters using visual inspection and our automated approach were compared. Results: The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two raters and the AM was 0.99 at 150% of RMT and was 0.97 at 120% of RMT. The level of pre-stimulus EMG amplitude and sampling rate did not affect agreement between the AM and more conventional visually guided methods. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that this AM is a simple, objective and reliable approach for CSP determination. Significance: The CSP is an important neurophysiological measure of cortical inhibition and its determination by our AM provides a more objective and automated approach compared to visually guided methods.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	938-944
Number of pages	7
Journal	Clinical Neurophysiology
Volume	114
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00038-5
State	Published - May 1 2003

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant no MT 15128), the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the University Health Network Krembil Family Chair in Neurology. Dr Z.J.D. was supported through a research training fellowship from the Ontario Mental Health Foundation, the Canadian Psychiatric Research Foundation and is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research INMHA Clinician-Scientist, G.F.M. was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral research award, and Dr R.C. is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Scholar. We thank Steven Clifford of Cambridge Electronic Design for his technical expertise.

Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Automated method
Contralateral silent period
Inhibition
Motor cortex
Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00038-5

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title = "An automated method to determine the transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced contralateral silent period",

abstract = "Background: The transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced contralateral silent period (CSP) refers to a period of interruption of voluntary muscle activity measured in tonically active muscles. The length of the CSP is generally interpreted to reflect cortical inhibition. The determination of the return of voluntary motor activity is typically accomplished via visual inspection of the electromyography (EMG) waveform and may be subject to inaccuracy on the part of the rater. Objective: To present and evaluate an automated method (AM) to determine the CSP. Methods: The CSP of 11 healthy controls was recorded using stimulus intensities 20 and 50% above the resting motor threshold (RMT). The mean CSP duration obtained by the two raters using visual inspection and our automated approach were compared. Results: The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two raters and the AM was 0.99 at 150% of RMT and was 0.97 at 120% of RMT. The level of pre-stimulus EMG amplitude and sampling rate did not affect agreement between the AM and more conventional visually guided methods. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that this AM is a simple, objective and reliable approach for CSP determination. Significance: The CSP is an important neurophysiological measure of cortical inhibition and its determination by our AM provides a more objective and automated approach compared to visually guided methods.",

keywords = "Automated method, Contralateral silent period, Inhibition, Motor cortex, Transcranial magnetic stimulation",

author = "Daskalakis, {Zafiris J.} and Molnar, {Gregory F.} and Christensen, {Bruce K.} and Alexandra Sailer and Fitzgerald, {Paul B.} and Robert Chen",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant no MT 15128), the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the University Health Network Krembil Family Chair in Neurology. Dr Z.J.D. was supported through a research training fellowship from the Ontario Mental Health Foundation, the Canadian Psychiatric Research Foundation and is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research INMHA Clinician-Scientist, G.F.M. was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral research award, and Dr R.C. is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Scholar. We thank Steven Clifford of Cambridge Electronic Design for his technical expertise. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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language = "English (US)",

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AU - Molnar, Gregory F.

AU - Christensen, Bruce K.

AU - Sailer, Alexandra

AU - Fitzgerald, Paul B.

AU - Chen, Robert

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant no MT 15128), the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the University Health Network Krembil Family Chair in Neurology. Dr Z.J.D. was supported through a research training fellowship from the Ontario Mental Health Foundation, the Canadian Psychiatric Research Foundation and is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research INMHA Clinician-Scientist, G.F.M. was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral research award, and Dr R.C. is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Scholar. We thank Steven Clifford of Cambridge Electronic Design for his technical expertise. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2003/5/1

Y1 - 2003/5/1

N2 - Background: The transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced contralateral silent period (CSP) refers to a period of interruption of voluntary muscle activity measured in tonically active muscles. The length of the CSP is generally interpreted to reflect cortical inhibition. The determination of the return of voluntary motor activity is typically accomplished via visual inspection of the electromyography (EMG) waveform and may be subject to inaccuracy on the part of the rater. Objective: To present and evaluate an automated method (AM) to determine the CSP. Methods: The CSP of 11 healthy controls was recorded using stimulus intensities 20 and 50% above the resting motor threshold (RMT). The mean CSP duration obtained by the two raters using visual inspection and our automated approach were compared. Results: The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two raters and the AM was 0.99 at 150% of RMT and was 0.97 at 120% of RMT. The level of pre-stimulus EMG amplitude and sampling rate did not affect agreement between the AM and more conventional visually guided methods. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that this AM is a simple, objective and reliable approach for CSP determination. Significance: The CSP is an important neurophysiological measure of cortical inhibition and its determination by our AM provides a more objective and automated approach compared to visually guided methods.

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KW - Motor cortex

KW - Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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An automated method to determine the transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced contralateral silent period

Abstract

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Keywords

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