An Application and Extension of the Constraints-Effects-Mitigation Model to Minnesota Waterfowl Hunting

Susan A. Schroeder; David C. Fulton; Jeffrey S. Lawrence; Steven D. Cordts

doi:10.1080/10871209.2012.650317

An Application and Extension of the Constraints-Effects-Mitigation Model to Minnesota Waterfowl Hunting

Susan A. Schroeder
, David C. Fulton
, Jeffrey S. Lawrence
, Steven D. Cordts

Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study extends modeling work on the leisure constraint negotiation process from physically active leisure and celebrity fandom to hunting. We test a model derived from the constraints-effects-mitigation model of leisure participation. The model is examined in the context of continued Minnesota waterfowl hunting among a sample of Minnesota residents who purchased a North Dakota waterfowl stamp. Results are from a mail survey conducted in 2006. In our modeling, successful constraint negotiation fully mediated the constraints-participation relationship, while involvement had both direct and indirect effects on participation. Hunter motivation was positively related to involvement. Results advance understanding of the relationships among factors that influence leisure participation, and suggest that constraint negotiation may differ among recreation activities with different participant profiles.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	174-192
Number of pages	19
Journal	Human Dimensions of Wildlife
Volume	17
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2012.650317
State	Published - May 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Minnesota historically had the largest number of waterfowl hunters (100,000+) in the United States, although state duck stamp sales have declined recently (Smith, 2010). Because of declining hunter numbers and the important political, financial, and harvest support provided by hunters, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has supported a number of studies to better understand Minnesota waterfowl hunters (Schroeder, Fulton, & Lawrence, 2004; Schroeder, Fulton, & Lawrence, 2006; Schroeder, Fulton, Lawrence, & Cordts, 2006; Schroeder, Fulton, Lawrence, & Cordts, 2007). The results presented in this article are derived from a 2006 study that sought to understand the substantial proportion of Minnesota residents who hunt for waterfowl in North Dakota, and whether or not hunting in North Dakota contributed to the decline in Minnesota waterfowl hunting. When this study was conducted media coverage solidified public perception of North Dakota as a “renowned waterfowl mecca” (Smith, 2003). At the time, North Dakota attracted up to 30,000 nonresident waterfowl hunters—half from Minnesota (Smith, 2003). Little was known, however, about these hunters and factors related to their waterfowl-hunting participation in North Dakota and Minnesota. In particular, it was unknown how constraints, motivations and involvement might influence Minnesota waterfowl hunters’ decisions to hunt in North Dakota or to continue to hunt in Minnesota.

Keywords

constraints
involvement
motivations
participation
waterfowl hunters

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10.1080/10871209.2012.650317

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title = "An Application and Extension of the Constraints-Effects-Mitigation Model to Minnesota Waterfowl Hunting",

abstract = "This study extends modeling work on the leisure constraint negotiation process from physically active leisure and celebrity fandom to hunting. We test a model derived from the constraints-effects-mitigation model of leisure participation. The model is examined in the context of continued Minnesota waterfowl hunting among a sample of Minnesota residents who purchased a North Dakota waterfowl stamp. Results are from a mail survey conducted in 2006. In our modeling, successful constraint negotiation fully mediated the constraints-participation relationship, while involvement had both direct and indirect effects on participation. Hunter motivation was positively related to involvement. Results advance understanding of the relationships among factors that influence leisure participation, and suggest that constraint negotiation may differ among recreation activities with different participant profiles.",

keywords = "constraints, involvement, motivations, participation, waterfowl hunters",

author = "Schroeder, \{Susan A.\} and Fulton, \{David C.\} and Lawrence, \{Jeffrey S.\} and Cordts, \{Steven D.\}",

note = "Funding Information: Minnesota historically had the largest number of waterfowl hunters (100,000+) in the United States, although state duck stamp sales have declined recently (Smith, 2010). Because of declining hunter numbers and the important political, financial, and harvest support provided by hunters, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has supported a number of studies to better understand Minnesota waterfowl hunters (Schroeder, Fulton, \& Lawrence, 2004; Schroeder, Fulton, \& Lawrence, 2006; Schroeder, Fulton, Lawrence, \& Cordts, 2006; Schroeder, Fulton, Lawrence, \& Cordts, 2007). The results presented in this article are derived from a 2006 study that sought to understand the substantial proportion of Minnesota residents who hunt for waterfowl in North Dakota, and whether or not hunting in North Dakota contributed to the decline in Minnesota waterfowl hunting. When this study was conducted media coverage solidified public perception of North Dakota as a “renowned waterfowl mecca” (Smith, 2003). At the time, North Dakota attracted up to 30,000 nonresident waterfowl hunters—half from Minnesota (Smith, 2003). Little was known, however, about these hunters and factors related to their waterfowl-hunting participation in North Dakota and Minnesota. In particular, it was unknown how constraints, motivations and involvement might influence Minnesota waterfowl hunters{\textquoteright} decisions to hunt in North Dakota or to continue to hunt in Minnesota.",

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doi = "10.1080/10871209.2012.650317",

language = "English (US)",

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An Application and Extension of the Constraints-Effects-Mitigation Model to Minnesota Waterfowl Hunting

Abstract

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Keywords

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