Age-related change in brain rhythms from early to middle childhood: Links to executive function

Sammy Perone, Jeeva Palanisamy, Stephanie M. Carlson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

77 Scopus citations

Abstract

The connection between brain rhythms at rest and cognition remains poorly understood. This is especially true during early childhood in which neuroimaging data are relatively scarce. We developed a new method for collecting eyes closed and eyes open resting state electroencephalography (EEG) suitable for young children. We report results characterizing age-related change in power in multiple brain rhythms over frontal and posterior regions under eyes closed and open conditions of rest in 3-, 4-, 5- and 9-year-old children (N = 162). We observed two key patterns of results. First, with age theta decreased, alpha increased, and alpha peak frequency increased. Second, power was generally higher when eyes were closed than open for theta and alpha but higher when eyes were open than closed for beta and gamma. We also investigated the relation between resting state EEG activity and executive function (EF) using the Minnesota Executive Function Scale, a standardized behavioral measure of EF for ages 2 and up. Correlational and regression analyses showed that individual differences in the theta/beta ratio is associated with EF even after controlling for children's age and verbal abilities. We situate our results in a theoretical discussion of theta/beta and its role in control processes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere12691
JournalDevelopmental Science
Volume21
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by a Masonic Children's Hospital Neurogenomics and Neuroimaging Research Grant awarded to SMC, as well as a University of Minnesota Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program awarded to JP. We would like to thank Josh Harrod, Nicole Stucke, and Sophie Grieger for help conducting this study.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Keywords

  • brain development
  • executive function
  • resting state EEG
  • theta/beta ratio

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