African laterite dynamics using in situ-produced 10Be

We have investigated the development of iron crust lateritic systems and rain forest soils in tropical environments using in situ-produced ¹⁰Be in quartz veins and cobbles. The variability of its concentration as function of subsurface depth in soil profile provides criteria for distinguishing between allochthonous (elsewhere formation) and autochthonous (in situ formation) processes and hence for determining whether colluvial transport or in situ chemical weathering dominates soil development in these environments. In the stable West African Craton in Southwest Burkina Faso at Larafella, the exponential decrease in ¹⁰Be concentration observed along a quartz vein from the lowland lateritic system corresponds to the decrease in its production rate associated with attenuation of cosmic rays and thus indicates an autochthonous development. Models of the ¹⁰Be depth profile in this unit suggest that this surface has been subject to erosion at a mean rate of ~2 m.My^-1 and that ~1.5% of the surface ¹⁰Be production rate is associated with muon-induced reactions. In a contrasting environment, tropical rain forest (Malemba, Congo), ¹⁰Be concentrations have been measured in quartz vein and in round and angular quartz cobbles incorporated in a downslope 'stone-line.' Comparison with data from Larafella suggests that the angular cobbles have been transported a few meters from the quartz veins by downslope lateral creeping, whereas the round cobbles have an allochthonous origin. Models of ¹⁰Be distributions as this site yield an erosion rate of ~12 m.My^-1 and a rate of lateral creeping on the order of 60 m.My^-1.