Advances in Neonatal Extracorporeal Support. The Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and the Artificial Placenta

Brian W. Gray, Andrew W. Shaffer, George B. Mychaliska

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

This review addresses the history and evolution of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), with a discussion of the indications, contraindications, modalities, outcomes, and impact of ECMO. Controversies surrounding novel uses of ECMO in neonates, namely ECMO for premature infants and ex utero intrapartum therapy with transition to ECMO, are discussed. The development of an extracorporeal artificial placenta for support of premature infants is presented, including the rationale, research, and challenges. ECMO has had a dramatic effect on the care of critically ill neonates over the past 4 decades, and there is great potential to expand these benefits in the future.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)311-329
Number of pages19
JournalClinics in Perinatology
Volume39
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2012
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Artificial placenta
  • Cardiac failure
  • ECMO
  • EXIT to ECMO
  • Extracorporeal life support
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  • Neonatal
  • Prematurity
  • Respiratory failure

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