Advances in Modeling Dense Granular Media

This review focuses on how the modeling of dense granular media has advanced over the last 15 years. The jumping-off point of our review is the µ(I) rheology for dry granular flow, which opened the door to generic flow field modeling but was primarily geared toward problems involving small monodisperse grains of simple shapes. Our review focuses on advances in modeling more material types and behaviors including new approaches for modeling finite-grain-size effects or nonlocality, polydispersity and unmixing, and nontrivial grain shapes. We also discuss growing application areas with tractable order-reduction strategies with a focus on intrusion and locomotion problems.