Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins involving the addition of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD to an acceptor protein or amino acid. NAD: arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase, purified from numerous animal tissues, catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose to an arginine residue in proteins. The reverse reaction, catalyzed by ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase, removes ADP-ribose, regenerating free arginine. An ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase, purified extensively from turkey erythrocytes, was a 39-kDa monomeric protein under denaturing and non-denaturing conditions, and was activated by Mg2+ and dithiothreitol. The ADP-ribose moiety was critical for substrate recognition; the enzyme hydrolyzed ADP-ribosylarginine and (2-phospho-ADP-ribosyl)arginine but not phosphoribosylarginine or ribosylarginine. The hydrolase cDNA was cloned from rat and subsequently from mouse and human brain. The rat hydrolase gene contained a 1086-base pair open reading frame, with deduced amino acid sequences identical to those obtained by amino terminal sequencing of the protein or of HPLC-purified tryptic peptides. Deduced amino acid sequences from the mouse and human hydrolase cDNAs were 94% and 83% identical, respectively to the rat. Anti-rat brain hydrolase polyclonal antibodies reacted with turkey erythrocyte, mouse and bovine brain hydrolase. The rat hydrolase, expressed in E. coli, demonstrated enhanced activity in the presence of Mg2+ and thiol, whereas the recombinant human hydrolase was stimulated by Mg2+ but was thiol-independent. In the rat and mouse enzymes, there are five cysteines in identical positions; four of the cysteines are conserved in the human hydrolase. Replacement of cysteine 108 in the rat hydrolase (not present in the human enzyme) resulted in a thiol-independent hydrolase without altering specific activity. Rabbit anti-rat brain hydrolase antibodies reacted on immunoblot with the wild-type rat hydrolase and only weakly with the mutant hydrolase. There was no immunoreactivity with either the wild-type or mutant human enzyme. Cysteine 108 in the rat and mouse hydrolase may be responsible in part for thiol-dependence as wall as antibody recognition. Based on these studies, the mammalian and avian ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases exhibit considerable conservation in structure and function.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 119-122 |
Number of pages | 4 |
Journal | Molecular and cellular biochemistry |
Volume | 138 |
Issue number | 1-2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 1994 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase
- ADP-ribosyltransferase
- cholera toxin
- mono-ADP-ribosylation