Adenine nucleotide storage and secretion in platelets as studied by ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance

Suspensions of human and pig blood platelets have been studied by ³¹P NMR at 145.7 MHz and by chemical and radiochemical determination of nucleotide levels. In both types of platelets the cytoplasmic nucleotide pool, which was prelabeled by incubation with [¹⁴C]adenine, was selectively reduced by addition of H₂O₂/NaN₃ or 2-deoxyglucose/antimycin A. After the reduction of cytoplasmic ATP in human platelets, the ³¹P NMR spectra showed an almost complete loss of the nucleoside di- and triphosphate resonances at temperatures examined (4-50°C), indicating that only the cytoplasmic nucleotides had been observed, with no detectable contributions from the granular ATP, ADP, and pyrophosphate. Slow tumbling of the granular nucleotides, possibly due to aggregation, is the probable explanation of their undetectability at 145.7 MHz. Similar experiments showed that, in pig platelets, granular ATP and ADP were not detected by ³¹P NMR at 4°C but were observed at higher temperatures, indicating that aggregation may be occurring at the lower temperatures. Upon thrombin stimulation of human platelets, the NMR spectra and the chemical and radioactivity analyses showed that the granular adenylates and pyrophosphate were secreted, and that cytoplasmic ATP levels were appreciably reduced.