Active recombinant Tol2 transposase for gene transfer and gene discovery applications

Jun Ni, Kirk J. Wangensteen, David Nelsen, Darius Balciunas, Kimberly J. Skuster, Mark D. Urban, Stephen C. Ekker

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The revolutionary concept of "jumping genes" was conceived by McClintock in the late 1940s while studying the Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) system in maize. Transposable elements (TEs) represent the most abundant component of many eukaryotic genomes. Mobile elements are a driving force of eukaryotic genome evolution. McClintock's Ac, the autonomous element of the Ac/Ds system, together with hobo from Drosophila and Tam3 from snapdragon define an ancient and diverse DNA transposon superfamily named hAT. Other members of the hAT superfamily include the insect element Hermes and Tol2 from medaka. In recent years, genetic tools derived from the 'cut' and 'paste' Tol2 DNA transposon have been widely used for genomic manipulation in zebrafish, mammals and in cells in vitro. Results: We report the purification of a functional recombinant Tol2 protein from E.coli. We demonstrate here that following microinjection using a zebrafish embryo test system, purified Tol2 transposase protein readily catalyzes gene transfer in both somatic and germline tissues in vivo. We show that purified Tol2 transposase can promote both in vitro cutting and pasting in a defined system lacking other cellular factors. Notably, our analysis of Tol2 transposition in vitro reveals that the target site preference observed for Tol2 in complex host genomes is maintained using a simpler target plasmid test system, indicating that the primary sequence might encode intrinsic cues for transposon integration. Conclusions: This active Tol2 protein is an important new tool for diverse applications including gene discovery and molecular medicine, as well as for the biochemical analysis of transposition and regulation of hAT transposon/genome interactions. The measurable but comparatively modest insertion site selection bias noted for Tol2 is largely determined by the primary sequence encoded in the target sequence as assessed through studying Tol2 protein-mediated transposition in a cell-free system.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number6
JournalMobile DNA
Volume7
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2016
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Gary Moulder and Dr. Karl Clark for help with zebrafish injections and Southern blotting. We thank Drs. Liqin Zhou, Xianghong Li and Nancy L. Craig for active scientific discussions on this project. We thank Ekker lab members, especially Tammy Greenwood and Dr. Henning Schneider for critical evaluation of the manuscript. The work was supported by the Mayo Foundation and the U.S. National Institutes of Health grants DA14546, HG006431 and GM63904 to Stephen C. Ekker.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Ni et al.

Keywords

  • hAT superfamily
  • Recombinant transposase protein
  • Tol2 transposase
  • Transposition site preference
  • Zebrafish

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