A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study

Yuni Choi; Nicole Larson; Dan D Gallaher; Andrew O. Odegaard; Jamal S. Rana; James M. Shikany; Lyn M Steffen; David R. Jacobs

doi:10.2337/dc20-1005

A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study

Yuni Choi, Nicole Larson, Dan D Gallaher, Andrew O. Odegaard, Jamal S. Rana, James M. Shikany, Lyn M Steffen, David R. Jacobs

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30; n = 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight ( n > 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size.

RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85; P trend < 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m 2; SE 0.14; P = 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27; P < 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33; P < 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes.

CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2796-2803
Number of pages	8
Journal	Diabetes care
Volume	43
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1005
State	Published - Nov 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding. The CARDIA study is supported by NationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitutecontracts HHSN268201800003I, HHSN268201800004I, HHSN268201800005I, HHSN268201800006I, and HHSN268201800007I. Y.C. is supported by a Graduate and Professional Research Grant from the Healthy Food, Healthy Lives Institute and the MnDRIVE Global Food Ventures Professional Development Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities.

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10.2337/dc20-1005

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Choi, Y., Larson, N., Gallaher, D. D., Odegaard, A. O., Rana, J. S., Shikany, J. M., Steffen, L. M., & Jacobs, D. R. (2020). A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study. Diabetes care, 43(11), 2796-2803. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1005

A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study. / Choi, Yuni; Larson, Nicole ; Gallaher, Dan D et al.
In: Diabetes care, Vol. 43, No. 11, 11.2020, p. 2796-2803.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Choi, Y, Larson, N , Gallaher, DD, Odegaard, AO, Rana, JS, Shikany, JM, Steffen, LM & Jacobs, DR 2020, 'A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study', Diabetes care, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 2796-2803. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1005

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title = "A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30; n = 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight ( n > 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85; P trend < 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m 2; SE 0.14; P = 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27; P < 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33; P < 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.",

author = "Yuni Choi and Nicole Larson and Gallaher, {Dan D} and Odegaard, {Andrew O.} and Rana, {Jamal S.} and Shikany, {James M.} and Steffen, {Lyn M} and Jacobs, {David R.}",

note = "Funding Information: Funding. The CARDIA study is supported by NationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitutecontracts HHSN268201800003I, HHSN268201800004I, HHSN268201800005I, HHSN268201800006I, and HHSN268201800007I. Y.C. is supported by a Graduate and Professional Research Grant from the Healthy Food, Healthy Lives Institute and the MnDRIVE Global Food Ventures Professional Development Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities.",

year = "2020",

month = nov,

doi = "10.2337/dc20-1005",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "43",

pages = "2796--2803",

journal = "Diabetes care",

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publisher = "American Diabetes Association Inc.",

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T1 - A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain

T2 - The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study

AU - Choi, Yuni

AU - Larson, Nicole

AU - Gallaher, Dan D

AU - Odegaard, Andrew O.

AU - Rana, Jamal S.

AU - Shikany, James M.

AU - Steffen, Lyn M

AU - Jacobs, David R.

N1 - Funding Information: Funding. The CARDIA study is supported by NationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitutecontracts HHSN268201800003I, HHSN268201800004I, HHSN268201800005I, HHSN268201800006I, and HHSN268201800007I. Y.C. is supported by a Graduate and Professional Research Grant from the Healthy Food, Healthy Lives Institute and the MnDRIVE Global Food Ventures Professional Development Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities.

PY - 2020/11

Y1 - 2020/11

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30; n = 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight ( n > 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85; P trend < 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m 2; SE 0.14; P = 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27; P < 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33; P < 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30; n = 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight ( n > 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85; P trend < 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m 2; SE 0.14; P = 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27; P < 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33; P < 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.

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A shift toward a plant-centered diet from young to middle adulthood and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and weight gain: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (cardia) study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

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