A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion

Jiaojian Shi; Daehan Yoo; Ferran Vidal-Codina; Chan Wook Baik; Kyung Sang Cho; Ngoc Cuong Nguyen; Hendrik Utzat; Jinchi Han; Aaron M. Lindenberg; Vladimir Bulović; Moungi G. Bawendi; Jaime Peraire; Sang Hyun Oh; Keith A. Nelson

doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01243-9

A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion

Jiaojian Shi
, Daehan Yoo
, Ferran Vidal-Codina
, Chan Wook Baik
, Kyung Sang Cho
, Ngoc Cuong Nguyen
, Hendrik Utzat
, Jinchi Han
, Aaron M. Lindenberg
, Vladimir Bulović
, Moungi G. Bawendi
, Jaime Peraire
, Sang Hyun Oh
, Keith A. Nelson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

37 Scopus citations

Abstract

Detection of terahertz (THz) radiation has many potential applications, but presently available detectors are limited in many aspects of their performance, including sensitivity, speed, bandwidth and operating temperature. Most do not allow the characterization of THz polarization states. Recent observation of THz-driven luminescence in quantum dots offers a possible detection mechanism via field-driven interdot charge transfer. We demonstrate a room-temperature complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor THz camera and polarimeter based on quantum-dot-enhanced THz-to-visible upconversion mechanism with optimized luminophore geometries and fabrication designs. Besides broadband and fast responses, the nanoslit-based sensor can detect THz pulses with peak fields as low as 10 kV cm^–1. A related coaxial nanoaperture-type device shows a to-date-unexplored capability to simultaneously record the THz polarization state and field strength with similar sensitivity.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1288-1293
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature Nanotechnology
Volume	17
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01243-9
State	Published - Dec 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
J.S., H.U., M.G.B. and K.A.N. acknowledge support from the US Army Research Lab (ARL) and the US Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, under Cooperative Agreement number W911-NF-18-2-0048. J.S. and K.A.N. also acknowledge support from the Samsung Global Research Outreach (GRO) Program. D.Y. and S.-H.O. acknowledge support from the Samsung GRO Program, the Sanford P. Bordeau Chair at the University of Minnesota and the McKnight Foundation. F.V.-C. and J.P. acknowledge support from the AFOSR grant no. FA9550-19-1-0240. J.H. and V.B. acknowledge support from the Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science (NSF award 0939514). A.M.L acknowledges support from the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

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Shi, J., Yoo, D., Vidal-Codina, F., Baik, C. W., Cho, K. S., Nguyen, N. C., Utzat, H., Han, J., Lindenberg, A. M., Bulović, V., Bawendi, M. G., Peraire, J., Oh, S. H., & Nelson, K. A. (2022). A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion. Nature Nanotechnology, 17(12), 1288-1293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01243-9

Shi, J, Yoo, D, Vidal-Codina, F, Baik, CW, Cho, KS, Nguyen, NC, Utzat, H, Han, J, Lindenberg, AM, Bulović, V, Bawendi, MG, Peraire, J, Oh, SH & Nelson, KA 2022, 'A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion', Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1288-1293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01243-9

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title = "A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion",

abstract = "Detection of terahertz (THz) radiation has many potential applications, but presently available detectors are limited in many aspects of their performance, including sensitivity, speed, bandwidth and operating temperature. Most do not allow the characterization of THz polarization states. Recent observation of THz-driven luminescence in quantum dots offers a possible detection mechanism via field-driven interdot charge transfer. We demonstrate a room-temperature complementary metal{\textendash}oxide{\textendash}semiconductor THz camera and polarimeter based on quantum-dot-enhanced THz-to-visible upconversion mechanism with optimized luminophore geometries and fabrication designs. Besides broadband and fast responses, the nanoslit-based sensor can detect THz pulses with peak fields as low as 10 kV cm{\textendash}1. A related coaxial nanoaperture-type device shows a to-date-unexplored capability to simultaneously record the THz polarization state and field strength with similar sensitivity.",

author = "Jiaojian Shi and Daehan Yoo and Ferran Vidal-Codina and Baik, \{Chan Wook\} and Cho, \{Kyung Sang\} and Nguyen, \{Ngoc Cuong\} and Hendrik Utzat and Jinchi Han and Lindenberg, \{Aaron M.\} and Vladimir Bulovi{\'c} and Bawendi, \{Moungi G.\} and Jaime Peraire and Oh, \{Sang Hyun\} and Nelson, \{Keith A.\}",

note = "Funding Information: J.S., H.U., M.G.B. and K.A.N. acknowledge support from the US Army Research Lab (ARL) and the US Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, under Cooperative Agreement number W911-NF-18-2-0048. J.S. and K.A.N. also acknowledge support from the Samsung Global Research Outreach (GRO) Program. D.Y. and S.-H.O. acknowledge support from the Samsung GRO Program, the Sanford P. Bordeau Chair at the University of Minnesota and the McKnight Foundation. F.V.-C. and J.P. acknowledge support from the AFOSR grant no. FA9550-19-1-0240. J.H. and V.B. acknowledge support from the Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science (NSF award 0939514). A.M.L acknowledges support from the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

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AU - Baik, Chan Wook

AU - Cho, Kyung Sang

AU - Nguyen, Ngoc Cuong

AU - Utzat, Hendrik

AU - Han, Jinchi

AU - Lindenberg, Aaron M.

AU - Bulović, Vladimir

AU - Bawendi, Moungi G.

AU - Peraire, Jaime

AU - Oh, Sang Hyun

AU - Nelson, Keith A.

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N2 - Detection of terahertz (THz) radiation has many potential applications, but presently available detectors are limited in many aspects of their performance, including sensitivity, speed, bandwidth and operating temperature. Most do not allow the characterization of THz polarization states. Recent observation of THz-driven luminescence in quantum dots offers a possible detection mechanism via field-driven interdot charge transfer. We demonstrate a room-temperature complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor THz camera and polarimeter based on quantum-dot-enhanced THz-to-visible upconversion mechanism with optimized luminophore geometries and fabrication designs. Besides broadband and fast responses, the nanoslit-based sensor can detect THz pulses with peak fields as low as 10 kV cm–1. A related coaxial nanoaperture-type device shows a to-date-unexplored capability to simultaneously record the THz polarization state and field strength with similar sensitivity.

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A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion

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