A pilot study evaluating a low-cost virtual reality simulator for transesophageal echocardiography training in anesthesiology residents

BACKGROUND: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an essential skill in perioperative and critical care practice. Traditional lecture-based instruction remains the standard for foundational training, but virtual reality (VR)–based platforms may enhance engagement and provide scalable, self-directed learning. This exploratory study evaluated the feasibility, educational impact, and learner satisfaction of a low-cost VR TEE training system for anesthesiology residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized, single-center study, 19 anesthesiology residents (Post-Graduate Years 1–3) without prior TEE experience were assigned to lecture instruction or VR-based training. Participants completed baseline, immediate post-training, 1-month, and 3-month knowledge assessments evaluating TEE principles and clinical correlation. A post-training survey assessed satisfaction and perceived educational value. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvement in knowledge scores with retention at 1 and 3 months. There were no significant differences in mean scores between groups (control vs. VR: baseline 14.4 ± 3.6 vs. 14.9 ± 4.2, P = 0.779; postintervention 15.4 ± 6.1 vs. 16.5 ± 4.2, P = 0.670; 1-month 16.0 ± 6.5 vs. 16.8 ± 5.1, P = 0.771; 3-month 17.9 ± 6.7 vs. 17.6 ± 3.8, P = 0.911). However, VR participants reported significantly higher satisfaction, citing greater engagement, ease of use, and perceived clinical relevance. The VR system was deployed without need for dedicated simulation staff or technical support, demonstrating practical feasibility. CONCLUSIONS: A low-cost VR platform for TEE education is feasible and well received by trainees. Although knowledge outcomes were similar to lecture-based instruction, higher learner satisfaction supports VR as a valuable supplement to traditional methods, particularly in programs with limited access to high-fidelity simulators.