A pharmacokinetic simulation study to assess the performance of a sparse blood sampling approach to quantify early drug exposure

Abhishek G. Sathe, Richard C. Brundage, Vijay Ivaturi, James C. Cloyd, James M. Chamberlain, Jordan J. Elm, Robert Silbergleit, Jaideep Kapur, Lisa D. Coles

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1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Estimating early exposure of drugs used for the treatment of emergent conditions is challenging because blood sampling to measure concentrations is difficult. The objective of this work was to evaluate predictive performance of two early concentrations and prior pharmacokinetic (PK) information for estimating early exposure. The performance of a modeling approach was compared with a noncompartmental analysis (NCA). A simulation study was performed using literature-based models for phenytoin (PHT), levetiracetam (LEV), and valproic acid (VPA). These models were used to simulate rich concentration-time profiles from 0 to 2 h. Profiles without residual unexplained variability (RUV) were used to obtain the true partial area under the curve (pAUC) until 2 h after the start of drug infusion. From the profiles with the RUV, two concentrations per patient were randomly selected. These concentrations were analyzed under a population model to obtain individual population PK (PopPK) pAUCs. The NCA pAUCs were calculated using a linear trapezoidal rule. Percent prediction errors (PPEs) for the PopPK pAUCs and NCA pAUCs were calculated. A PPE within ±20% of the true value was considered a success and the number of successes was obtained for 100 simulated datasets. For PHT, LEV, and VPA, respectively, the median value of the success statistics obtained using the PopPK approach of 81%, 92%, and 88% were significantly higher than the 72%, 80%, and 67% using the NCA approach (p < 0.05; Mann–Whitney U test). This study provides a means by which early exposure can be estimated with good precision from two concentrations and a PopPK approach. It can be applied to other settings in which early exposures are of interest.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1444-1451
Number of pages8
JournalClinical and translational science
Volume14
Issue number4
Early online dateMar 20 2021
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke under Award R01NS099653 (Clinical trials.gov identifier NCT01960075).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

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