A model for the impulse response of distributed-mode loudspeakers and multi-actuator panels

Panels driven into transverse (bending) vibrations by one or more small force drivers are a promising alternative approach in loudspeaker design. A mechanical-acoustical model is presented that enables computation of the acoustic transient response of such loudspeakers driven by any number of force transducers at arbitrary locations on the panel and at any measurement point in the acoustic radiation field. Computation of the on- and off-axis acoustic radiation from a panel confirms claims that the radiated sound is spatially diffuse. Unfortunately, this favorable feature of vibrating panel loudspeakers is accompanied by significant reverberant effects and such loudspeakers are poor at reproducing signals with rapid transients.