@article{94842407f50a45a5ac6354852d56925c,
title = "A Joint Fermi-GBM and Swift-BAT Analysis of Gravitational-wave Candidates from the Third Gravitational-wave Observing Run",
abstract = "We present Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM) and Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT) searches for gamma-ray/X-ray counterparts to gravitational-wave (GW) candidate events identified during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Using Fermi-GBM onboard triggers and subthreshold gamma-ray burst (GRB) candidates found in the Fermi-GBM ground analyses, the Targeted Search and the Untargeted Search, we investigate whether there are any coincident GRBs associated with the GWs. We also search the Swift-BAT rate data around the GW times to determine whether a GRB counterpart is present. No counterparts are found. Using both the Fermi-GBM Targeted Search and the Swift- BAT search, we calculate flux upper limits and present joint upper limits on the gamma-ray luminosity of each GW. Given these limits, we constrain theoretical models for the emission of gamma rays from binary black hole mergers.",
author = "Collaboration and {KAGRA Collaboration} and {Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor Team} and {The LIGO Scientific Collaboration} and C. Fletcher and J. Wood and R. Hamburg and P. Veres and Hui, {C. M.} and E. Bissaldi and Briggs, {M. S.} and E. Burns and Cleveland, {W. H.} and Giles, {M. M.} and A. Goldstein and Hristov, {B. A.} and D. Kocevski and S. Lesage and B. Mailyan and C. Malacaria and S. Poolakkil and {von Kienlin}, A. and Wilson-Hodge, {C. A.} and M. Crnogor{\v c}evi{\'c} and J. DeLaunay and A. Tohuvavohu and R. Caputo and Cenko, {S. B.} and S. Laha and T. Parsotan and R. Abbott and H. Abe and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adkins, {V. K.} and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and K. Agatsuma and N. Aggarwal and Aguiar, {O. D.} and S. Banagiri and Coughlin, {M. W.} and Criswell, {A. W.} and E. Floden and V. Mandic and A. Matas and Ormiston, {R. G.} and Pham, {K. A.} and Toivonen, {A. M.} and Yang, {K. Z.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 Institute of Physics. All rights reserved.",
year = "2024",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad1eed",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "964",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "2",
}