生物质微波热解制备液体燃料和化学品的研究进展

Microwave pyrolysis is an efficient technology for biomass conversion and utilization, which has unique thermal and non-thermal effects and can transform biomass into liquid fuels and chemicals, effectively relieving energy pressure and reducing environmental pollution. This paper focused on the influence of biomass feedstock characteristics, microwave absorbers and catalysts on the preparation of high-quality liquid fuels and chemicals by microwave pyrolysis of biomass. The influence of raw material characteristics was discussed from three aspects: water content, ash content and H/C_eff of biomass and catalysts included metal salts, metal oxides, ZSM-5, microwave-driven catalysts and other catalysts, such as HY, MCM-41 and carbon-based catalysts. The pyrolysis characteristics, product composition and transformation mechanism of biomass were summarized. In addition, the existing problems such as complex pyrolysis mechanism, complex and unstable products, poor selectivity of target products, as well as easy coking, inactivation and poor repeatability of catalysts were analyzed, and the future development direction was prospected, so as to provide the basis for efficient conversion and utilization of biomass.